Friday, 2 August 2024

Tartars, Russia, China 鞑靼 俄国 中国 (1)



Tartars had been living in Russia, Asia and everywhere in the world since ancient times, their last empire was the Qing Empire (Daicing Gurun) which ended in 1912.  


鞑靼自古以来就生活在俄国.亚洲.和世界各地,金发碧眼的女真鞑靼,创立大清帝国,西方人称之为鞑靼帝国。


Below are photos and portraits of the Tartars aka Tatars and Manchus (Manchu-Tartars), all came from online sources. 


以下是鞑靼和满洲鞑靼的照片和画像  (来源于网络)。英文来自于网络,中文是个人评论。



The USA has a library and online sources where you may study Tartars and Tartaria. 

美国图书馆和网络也有俄国及亚洲鞑靼的资料。


Tartaria







Beijing, China In the eastern Tartar city, Economic activity, Society, Housing, Architecture, Inscription, information, Advertising, Funeral, Commercial architecture, Commercial registration, China, Beijing, Decoration of the facade of mortuary houses, Wangfudajie, 22/06/1912 - 22/06/1912, Passet, Stéphane, photographer, 1912 - Chine - Stéphane Passet, Autochrome, photo, Glass, Autochrome, photo, Positive, Vertical, Size 9 x 12 cm  


北京东鞑靼城 (1912)

Captions are provided by our contributors.





cartography, world map, Hindo world map, the world as a blossom with the mount Meru in the centre, wood engraving, 19th century, India, Siberia, China, Tartar, Macedonia, England, Ireland, Malacca, Ceylon, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Manduria, Ramanaca, Zanzibar, world picture, world view, world pictures, Asia, cartography, map printing, world map, map of the world, world, worlds, blossom, flower, blossoms, flowers, mount, mountain, peak, peaks, centre, center, centres, centers, historic, historical, Additional-Rights-Clearences-Not Available 


世界之图(含鞑靼)

Captions are provided by our contributors.





Tartar Woman making a Tsi, sacrificing the spirit of the door to prevent misfortune entering. Buddhist or Fo sect, Lao-Kiun. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Freschi after Antoine Cardon from Henri-Leonard-Jean-Baptiste Bertin and Jean Baptiste Joseph Breton's China, Its Costumes, Arts, Manufactures, etc., Howlett and Brimmer, London, 1824. 


鞑靼女佛教徒,拜门神引吉祥。

Captions are provided by our contributors.







Chinese and Tartar infantry: tiger guard with striped uniform, tiger shield and scimitar, with archers and other troops. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Bernieri from Giulio Ferrario's Ancient and Modern Costumes of all the Peoples of the World, Florence, Italy, 1843.  


鞑靼和清军的步兵:身穿老虎纹身衣服. 身材高大的鞑靼和其他军人。

Captions are provided by our contributors.





Tartar musketeer and man wearing the Cangue punishment, Qing Dynasty. The criminal sits in a special chair to support the heavy wooden collar. Tartar musqeteer and man wearing the Cangue collar punishment, Qing Dynasty. 


持枪的鞑靼警官和戴枷的囚犯。

Captions are provided by our contributors.







Tartar woman and child, Qing Dynasty China. She wears an embroidered silk robe and smokes a tobacco pipe, while the child pulls a toy cart. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Freschi after Antoine Cardon from Henri-Leonard-Jean-Baptiste Bertin and Jean Baptiste Joseph Breton's China, Its Costumes, Arts, Manufactures, etc., Howlett and Brimmer, London, 


1824. 穿丝绸手持烟枪抽烟的鞑靼女人和耍玩具车的鞑靼男孩子。


Captions are provided by our contributors.






Tartar lady with tobacco pipe walking on a terrace, Qing Dynasty. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Freschi after Antoine Cardon from Henri-Leonard-Jean-Baptiste Bertin and Jean Baptiste Joseph Breton's China, Its Costumes, Arts, Manufactures, etc., Howlett and Brimmer, London, 1824. 


(清) 手持烟枪抽烟的鞑靼女人。

Captions are provided by our contributors.






Tartar woman riding on a one-wheel barrow drawn by servants. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Freschi after Antoine Cardon from Henri-Leonard-Jean-Baptiste Bertin and Jean Baptiste Joseph Breton's China, Its Costumes, Arts, Manufactures, etc., Howlett and Brimmer, London, 1824.  


鞑靼女人坐在独轮车上,两个佣人推车。

Captions are provided by our contributors.





Grand Lama and Tao-Tse. Tartar Buddhist monk in yellow satin robe, and Taoist monk in yellow and blue robes. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Freschi after Antoine Cardon from Henri-Leonard-Jean-Baptiste Bertin and Jean Baptiste Joseph Breton's China, Its Costumes, Arts, Manufactures, etc., Howlett and Brimmer, London, 1824. 


穿丝绸衣服的鞑靼喇嘛和鞑靼道士。

Captions are provided by our contributors.







Portrait of the Chinese-Tartar Emperor Qianlong, and a literary mandarin of his court. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Bernieri from Giulio Ferrario's Ancient and Modern Costumes of all the Peoples of the World, Florence, Italy, 1843. 


鞑靼国王 、乾隆皇帝坐在法式高背椅子上,和大臣交談.

Captions are provided by our contributors.






Tartar soldiers going to mount guard at the palace gates, Qing Dynasty China. Handcoloured copperplate engraving by Andrea Freschi after Antoine Cardon from Henri-Leonard-Jean-Baptiste Bertin and Jean Baptiste Joseph Breton's China, Its Costumes, Arts, Manufactures, etc., Howlett and Brimmer, London, 1824. 


鞑靼军人和守卫。

Captions are provided by our contributors.








The King's Dragoon Guards closing with the Tartar cavalry in the engagement near Pekin on the 21st of September - from a sketch by our special artist in China, 1860. British forces in China. Sir J. Hope Grant: '...the Tartar cavalry showed in large masses, and advanced rapidly until within 200 yards of our guns...driven away from the right by our fire, [they] hung in large masses on our left front, affording an excellent opportunity for our cavalry to charge, which they promptly seized, the King's Dragoon Guards, under Lieut.-Colonel Sayers, in particular inflicting a very heavy loss on the en 


大英帝国的侍卫团和大清帝国的鞑靼骑兵在北京展开激战 (1860)。


Captions are provided by our contributors.







Gates in Peking, China, 1898. Triumphal gate between the Chinese and Tartar sections of the city. 'Unser Eingang in Peking - Pai-Lo Triumphthor zwischen der Chinesen und Tartaren Städte'. From "Rund um die Erde" [Round the Earth], written and illustrated by C. W. Allers. [Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1898]  


北京的凯旋门,将鞑靼八旗驻军和中国人分成两个世界。

Captions are provided by our contributors.








The French attack on the Bridge Pa-Li-Chian, eight miles from Pekin - from a sketch by our special artist in China, 1860. European forces in China. Sir J. Hope Grant: 'At daybreak on the 21st I marched from Chang-Tsia-Wan, and...was there joined by the French...the Tartar cavalry showed in large masses, and advanced rapidly until within 200 yards of our guns...the enemy's cavalry, driven away from the right by our fire, hung in large masses on our left front...the 1st Sikh Cavalry, under Major Probyn...effectually turned the right of the Chinese army. The enemy, though defeated on the spot, ye...  


法军进攻北京 (1860)。

Captions are provided by our contributors.








'The Chien Mein Gate from the Tartar City, Peiping, China', c1930s. From "Tour of the World". [Keystone View Company, Meadville, Pa., New York, Chicago, London] 1930年,



北京前门。鞑靼已经成为历史,中国人可以扬眉吐气自由进入紫禁城, 鞑靼城不复存在。


Captions are provided by our contributors.







A group at the Great Annual Fair at Nijni Novgorod, Central Russia, 1864. In the centre '...is a Tartar trader of importance, weary of half an hour's beating about the bush, endeavouring to bring his bargaining to a conclusion; but he is foiled in his praiseworthy attempt by a cunning, bearded, tea-drinking Russian merchant...an Armenian, aristocratic and thin, stalks off, his honest conscience forbidding him to be a party to such cheating. Chinamen, too, are seen sprinkled amongst the motley crowd at Nijni...The stout fellow about to hoist a package is one of the common Tartars, who do most ... 


1864年,鞑靼帝国官员去俄国中部参加贸易活动,发现当地人非常狡猾,不守信用,没有道德,很气愤!

Captions are provided by our contributors.








Hien-Fou, the Emperor of China, 1860. Portrait of Xianfeng Emperor, with views of '...Western Gate Peking; The Bridge of Nanking...His appearance is altogether commanding, and he devotes considerable attention to gymnastic exercises...His complexion is, perhaps, darker than that of his countrymen in general; and his noble forehead, thick arched eyebrows, and piercing eyes, give him an appearance of great distinction, which is by no means diminished by the unusual thinness of his lips, although the square and high cheekbone at once mark the descendant of the pure Tartar race...  


1860年的咸丰皇帝,西方人评论咸丰皇帝的面相,讨论他是否是纯正的鞑靼。

Captions are provided by our contributors.










Hatamen Gate, Peking, China, 1898. View of camels in front of the gate and tower at the entrance to the walled city of Peking (now Beijing). 'Ha-Ta-Men in Peking'. From "Rund um die Erde" [Round the Earth], written and illustrated by C. W. Allers. [Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1898] 


北京,1898。

Captions are provided by our contributors.










Inner Court of the Palace at Peking: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669....  



1669年的大清朝廷,完全是法国和欧洲的风格。


Captions are provided by our contributors.







Vintage photo of camel caravan leaving Peking tower of Tartar Wall in background, China. 1907



1907年,离开鞑靼城的骆驼队伍。

Captions are provided by our contributors. 










Chinese medieval painting: Tartar Hunting. By Rianchu (Li An-chung). Reproduction of book illustration of 1912.  


中国画:鞑靼打猎。







U.S. soldiers heliographing on the top of the Tartar City wall, Peking, China c1902.  



美国士兵在鞑靼城(约 1902 年)。当时的美国兵看起来是有色人种,吃不饱穿不暖的样子。


Captions are provided by our contributors.












A View of the celebrated Great Wall of China, 1782. Artist: Unknown. 


1782年长城。


Captions are provided by our contributors.







'A Chinese prince of the Manchoo Tartar race', 1801.Artist: J Chapman 


大眼睛的满洲鞑靼王子(鞑靼和满洲人的混血)(1801).  







'A market in the Tartar (northern) city, looking toward Drum Tower', Peking (Beijing), China, 1901. Artist: Underwood & Underwood  


1901年,鞑靼城外的中国人小商贩。中国人和鞑靼及八旗子弟(混血)看起来差距很大:鞑靼是肉食动物,中国人是草食动物。


Captions are provided by our contributors.






Machine colorised portrait of Qianlong Emperor [Here as Tchien-Lung] (25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799) was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1735 to 1796. Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV; Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810

乾隆皇帝 (此画像于 1812 年在伦敦发表)


Captions are provided by our contributors.








Machine colorised portrait of a Chinese Princess of the Manchoo Tartar Race Copperplate engraving From the Encyclopaedia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature; Volume IV; Edited by Wilkes, John. Published in London in 1810 

大眼睛的满洲鞑靼公主(鞑靼和满洲人的混血) (此画像于1810年在伦敦发表)

Captions are provided by our contributors.








Sultan of the Tartars. Yining, northwestern part of Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China, Central Asia. From Orenburg to Samarkand 1876-1878 by Madame Marie Ujfalvy-Bourdon, Le Tour du Monde 1879


新疆伊宁的鞑靼。

Captions are provided by our contributors.







Tartar man from Yining, northwestern part of Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China, Central Asia. From Orenburg to Samarkand 1876-1878 by Madame Marie Ujfalvy-Bourdon, Le Tour du Monde 1879

新疆伊宁的鞑靼。1879.


Captions are provided by our contributors.











Tatar women. Yining, northwestern part of Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China, Central Asia. From Orenburg to Samarkand 1876-1878 by Madame Marie Ujfalvy-Bourdon, Le Tour du Monde 1879


新疆伊宁的鞑靼女人。1879







Chinese lady and Tartar lady, China. Old 19th century engraved illustration, Trip to Beijing and North China 1873


一个鞑靼女人和 一个中国女人。








China, Beijing, former Tartar town also called Inner City, Bell Tower


北京,"鞑靼城" 改名叫 "中国长城"。







China, Beijing, former Tartar town also called Inner City, Bell Tower



前鞑靼城的钟楼。






Tartar Officer with Blonde Lady, Unidentified Artist, 19th century


鞑靼军官和金发女郎谈情说爱。









Tartar Officer Carrying Blond Lady, Unidentified Artist, 19th century


鞑靼军官身背一個金发女郎。









View of Batavia with ships The Citty Of Batavia (title on object) An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperor of China (series title), sailing -ship, sailing-boat, coast, Batavia, Wenceslaus Hollar, London, 1669, paper, etching, h 105 mm × w 329 mm


商船从印尼向鞑靼控制的越南等地出发。







Temple in the Tartar Quarter, Canton, Guangzhou, China; Felice Beato, 1832 - 1909, Henry Hering, 1814 - 1893

广州:1893年,鞑靼城里的鞑靼庙宇。








Street and Shops in the Tartar City of Pekin, October 29, 1860; Felice Beato, 1832 - 1909, Pekin, China


北京:1862,  鞑靼城的街区。(当时的鞑靼城和中国人的社区严格分开,有如今日的以色列和加沙。)







Temple in the Tartar Quarter, Canton, Guangzhou, China; Felice Beato, 1832 - 1909, Henry Hering, 1814 - 1893


广州:1893年,鞑靼城里的鞑靼庙宇。







China/United Kingdom: 'Tartar Spearman'. Wood engraving by E. T. Wigan, 1844. The First Anglo-Chinese War (1839-1842), known popularly as the First Opium War or simply the Opium War, was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice. Chinese officials wished to stop what was perceived as an outflow of silver and to control the spread of opium, and confiscated supplies of opium from British traders.

和大英帝国开战的鞑靼士兵。








China/United Kingdom: 'Tartar Bowman'. Wood engraving by E. T. Wigan, 1844. The First Anglo-Chinese War (1839-1842), known popularly as the First Opium War or simply the Opium War, was fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing Dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice. Chinese officials wished to stop what was perceived as an outflow of silver and to control the spread of opium, and confiscated supplies of opium from British traders.


和大英帝国开战的鞑靼弓箭手。





China: Kirghiz/Tartar envoys presenting tribute horses to the Qianlong Emperor. Handscroll painting by Giuseppe Castiglione/Lang Shining (1688-1766), 1757. The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. The fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1736 to 7 February 1795. On 8 February, he abdicated in favor of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor - a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the illustrious Kangxi Emperor.

Captions are provided by our contributors.


中国画:乾隆皇帝接受中亚人的马。








Edward Bangs Drew (1843 - 1924) joined the Chinese Maritime Customs Service in 1864 after earning his BA degree from Harvard. In 1868, Drew was appointed a Commissioner of the Service, a position he held for decades. During that time he collected photographs that document clothing, customs, and daily life in 19th century China, and of Drew's life and career, including family and social gatherings, public appearances, and events and ceremonies.

Captions are provided by our contributors.


1864年,英国人和大清官员等人合影。







Zhan Shichai (1841 - 5 November 1893) was a Chinese giant who toured the world as 'Chang the Chinese Giant' in the 19th century. His stage name was 'Chang Woo Gow'. Zhan was born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province in the 1840s, though reports of the year vary from 1841 to 1847. His height was claimed to be over 8 feet (2.4 m), but there are no authoritative records. He left China in 1865 to travel to London where he appeared on stage, later travelling around Europe, and to the US and Australia as 'Chang the Chinese Giant'. Zhan received a good education in various countries, and developed a good und...

Captions are provided by our contributors.


鞑靼国(大清帝国)的巨人。








China/United Kingdom: The King's Dragoon Guards engaged with Tartar cavalry near Peking, 21 September 1860. Engraving from 'The Illustrated London News', 22 December 1860. The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856–1860. It resulted in a second defeat for the Qing dynasty and led to the forced legalisation of the opium trade. More unequal treaties meant more territorial losses for China.

Captions are provided by our contributors.


鸦片战争。大英帝国和大清帝国开战。








CHINA Tartar fire-raft, Nankin-HMS Hermes 1853. Illustrated London News


韃靼船只。








CHINA. A Tartar Horse-Soldier c1880 antique vintage print picture


马背上的鞑靼兵。(约1880 年)








CANTON French quarters, Gdns of tartar-general 1858. Illustrated Times


1858年,广州的法军基地。









CHINA. A Tartar Dragoon. Soldier of the Cavalry Mounted. ALEXANDER , 1814

鞑靼军人。









CHINESE LADIES. Tartar Lady. Servant Maid. Bonzess. Country Woman. BASIRE, 1746



鞑靼女人, 其中一人手持烟枪抽烟(约 1746 年)。







TRIBAL: Australia Aborigine; Tartar; Chinese, antique print c1790


澳大利亚部落:澳大利亚人部落,中国(鞑靼)部落,鞑靼部落。(1790)







Ch'ien men, one of the ten gates into the Tartar city. China. Peking (1923)



1923 年的北京前门:中国人推小车自由出入鞑靼城,鞑靼成为历史。








CHINA: Soo-chow: Tartar girls, antique print 1880


苏州:  手持烟枪抽烟的鞑靼女人(约1880 年)。







Vintage 19th century photograph China c.1880s - gate into the walled (Tartar of Tatar) city of Peking, Beijing - Hatamen Gate?


鞑靼城。







Tartar lamas of Tibet

西藏的鞑靼喇嘛。








EMPEROR CHAM (TATAR)


越南的鞑靼皇上。







Vintage 19th century photograph China c.1880s - walls of the Tartar Tatar City Peking Beijing


北京韃靼城。








Vintage 19th century photograph: top of the wall in the 'Tartar City' Peking Beijing China.



北京韃靼城。








Tower on Tartar wall, The Peking Beijing city walls


北京韃靼城。







warrior / china  19c 


鞑靼军人。







Tartars of Naun Koton or Tsitsikar (Xixigar), China, taken from Eberhard Isbrand Ides, a Danish traveller and diplomat who travelled in China in the early 1690s.

Captions are provided by our contributors.


黑龙江齐齐哈尔的鞑靼人(约1690年)。








Tartars of Kohonor, China -- Lama or Priest (left), man and woman (centre), taken from Johann Grueber, an Austrian Jesuit missionary and astronomer who visited China and Tibet in the 1650s.

Captions are provided by our contributors.


西藏(今印度)的鞑靼喇嘛或基督教牧师,和鞑靼女人(约1650年)。








The Tartar General of Mukden (Shenyang), China

Captions are provided by our contributors.


沈阳的鞑靼官员。








Chinese woman in traditional dress at a table with a small bird and Qin or Zither: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669

Captions are provided by our contributors.


1669年的中国(鞑靼)女人和一支小鸟。







City walls of Peking (Beijing) and landscape: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669


Captions are provided by our contributors.

北京韃靼城。1669








City walls and landscape of Nanking (Nanjing): from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669


Captions are provided by our contributors.


南京:1669








Inside a Chinese Pagoda: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669


1669 年的中国的鞑靼宝塔。

Captions are provided by our contributors.















Christianity in China: Jesuit Priests from the Society of Jesus: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669

Captions are provided by our contributors.


1669年,基督教在中国盛行。








Inner Court of the Palace at Peking: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669



1669 年,真實的韃靼皇宮(大清宮廷)完全是法國和歐洲的風格。

Captions are provided by our contributors.









Emperor of China: from the book An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China, by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1669



1669年,韃靼國王(大清帝國皇帝康熙皇帝)完全是法國和歐洲的風格。

Captions are provided by our contributors.









An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United provinces to the Grand Tartar Cham, Emperor of China: Frontispiece, from the book by Johannes Nieuhof, engraving by Wenceslaus Hollar, 1655



1665,鞑靼征服中国,震惊欧洲。


Captions are provided by our contributors.










The 1906 caption reads: “DIMITRI DONSKI REFUSING THE TARTAR TRIBUTE.—Russia was for over two centuries subject to the tyranny of the Asiatic Tartars. Dimitri, Grand Duke of Moscow, was the first to rebel against them and refuse the accustomed tribute, which included doing homage to a little figure of the Tartar Khan. Dimitri trampled on the mannikin, amid the applause of his court. He defeated the Tartars in a great battle on the Don River, and so acquired his surname, Donski; but they afterward defeated him anburned his capital.” Saint Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, or Dmitry of the Don, sometim


1906 年,俄国沙皇拒绝鞑靼的贡品,说俄国人被鞑靼控制了两百年,实在是奇耻大辱。


Captions are provided by our contributors.








geography / travel, Russia, people, Crimean tatar, copper engraving, 18th century,


俄國克里米亞韃靼(17世紀)。








Crimean Tatar. Engraving of the 18th century.


俄國克里米亞韃靼(17世紀)。









Tartars Playing Polo, Kano Furunobu, early 18th century


日本畫:韃靼狩獵作樂。









Bullock Carts of the Nimade Tartars


印度的韃靼人。









Tartars

西伯利亚和满洲一带的女真鞑靼,韃靼男女身材高大,小男孩的发型是金钱鼠尾,女真可能尚未入关。







Tartars 

韃靼人。







A late 19th Century illustration of a Tartar chief and his wife, playing a Balalaika


韃靼人。







Tartar Cavalry Chinese army traditional clothing horse riding soldier china KUSZA (Crossbow): This coat of arms was given person



韃靼人。

Captions are provided by our contributors.
















pekin the tartar city



鞑靼入关后,在北京各地建立八旗军区,叫鞑靼城。


Captions are provided by our contributors.


















Siberia Tartar Woman, Kalmucks, Asiatic Russia (Siberia), Late 19th Century, Illustration, The History of Costume, Braun & Schneider, Munich, Germany, 1861-1880



西伯利亞的韃靼人。

Captions are provided by our contributors.







CHINA: Dzungaria: Tent of Tartar Chief, antique print 1880

1880年,准噶尔国(蒙古和新疆)被鞑靼征服,身穿鞑靼毛皮大衣. 脚穿摩登欧洲皮鞋的鞑靼首领等交谈。

Captions are provided by our contributors. 























































































































































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